Differences between Pidgins and Creoles

Contrasts among Pidgins and Creoles Talk about a portion of the fundamental contrasts that portray pidgins and creoles, in light of your comprehension of what is implied by the accompanying statement: â€Å"Pidginisation is second language learning with confined information, while creolisation was first language learning with limited input.† (Mesthrie et al, 2009, p. 287) Pidgins are characterized as a kind of spoken correspondence with at least two dialects. It has essential language structure and jargon. It is likewise intended to encourage individuals who don't communicate in a typical language. In conclusion, it isn't communicated in as a local language. A model is the â€Å"Lingua Franca† which was first made among dealers. This is called business language. They are made on the grounds that brokers originate from better places and have various tongues; hence a typical language is shaped. Creoles, then again, allude to any pidgin language that turns into the main language in a discourse network. A creole is â€Å"created† when the utterer of a pidgin language become increases a solid hold over utterers of another. This can be as social or political hold over. Subsequently, the pidgin language utilized in discourse between these two gatherings may turn into the main language of the minority network. One such model is â€Å"Gullah (go tten from English), spoken in the Sea Islands of the southeastern U.S.† http://www.reference.com/peruse/creole Contrasts among Pidgins and Creoles: 1) Pidgin is a semantic correspondence that contained parts of at least two different dialects and is utilized for correspondence among individuals. It can likewise be called business language. It's anything but a first language. Though, creole is a language that was from the outset a pidgin yet has â€Å"transformed† and turn into a first language. 2) Structural contrast: Creole dialects have the â€Å"Subject Verb Object† word request though Pidgin can have any conceivable request. Additionally, reduplication is a typical and general procedure in Creole dialects however its extremely not all the time found in Pidgins. 3) One significant distinction among Pidgins and Creoles is that pidgins don't have first language speakers while creoles do. In any case, this isn't anything but difficult to make out on the grounds that there are an ever increasing number of stretched out pidgins starting to gain local speakers. Stretched out pidgins allude to when a pidgin turns into a creole. The social â€Å"side† of a pidgin for the most part characterizes this. This implies more pidgins are turning out to be first dialects. 4) Another distinction is that creoles may start through anomalous transmissions however as youngsters secure them, they should, along these lines, agree to the ‘blueprint of language that can likewise be alluded to as how the language is going to developed and framed. Plan here is equivalent to how we identify with an outline of a house. Be that as it may, for pidgins, as they are a consequence of a subsequent language, in spite of the fact that they must be learnable by grown-ups, they don't need to be worthy by kids. This implies pidgins don't need to agree to the ‘blueprint of language. Pidgins before they become achieved dialects in a network, are in every case second dialects and for the most part after high school. Clarification of statement: As indicated by the definition, what Mesthrie et al implied when he said â€Å"Pidginisation is second language learning with limited input† is that pidgins isn't utilized as a first language. Following the definition spread out above, it is a language that is a result of the contact between two unique dialects. All things considered, it has limited contact as the contact between the speaker and the subsequent language isn't visit. Additionally, it has been noticed that pidgins are nothing near the unknown dialect as it has just simple sentence structure and jargon. As referenced above, research has indicated that every single creole language have the â€Å"Subject Verb Object† language rules while any conceivable request is took into consideration pidgins. This implies while creole dialects need to keep a given arrangement of rules for word request, pidgins don't need to. Rather they can be framed in any capacity. For instance, the pidgin â€Å"Ojibwe† has a fre e word request. This shows pidgins is second language learning since students don't follow a given arrangement of language rules as the sentence structure is as yet not fixed and disguised. This demonstrates what Mesthrie has said; pidgins are basically second language taking in with limited contribution from the local speakers of the second language themselves. The second piece of the statement asserts that creolization is first language learning with confined info. As referenced in the definition, through creolization, a pidgin turns into a language all alone. This language is then like non-creole dialects as far as linguistic and language rules. This case comes from the urgent distinction among creoles and pidgins the nearness of local speakers and furthermore a need to follow the â€Å"blueprint† of the unknown dialect. In creoles, the nearness of local speakers currently implies that there are more connections between the two dialects. Additionally, reduplication is a ty pical procedure in Creole dialects yet its once in a while found in pidgins. The reiteration of a root to show â€Å"intensity, majority, term and frequency† shows that the second language student has gotten increasingly acquainted with the unknown dialect. This infers the students are presently nearly on a similar level as the local speakers as far as recognition with the principal language and its sentence structure. This gives us that creoles are basically first language learning. The need to now follow an outline of the unknown dialect and the additional nearness of local speakers implies that creolization is in actuality, a first language learning. To be a local speaker, one must have the option to adhere to that dialects semantic guidelines. In creoles, we see that it is a necessity to adhere to the unknown dialects rules. In this way, this reveals to us that the learning of creoles presently absorbs to the unknown dialect when contrasted with pidgins. The later piece o f the subsequent statement expects us to clarify why there is still â€Å"restricted input†. The earlier second language speakers who are presently local speakers of the unknown dialect implies that the individuals who despite everything communicate in the unknown dialect as a subsequent language currently have quick good examples they can gain from. In any case, as these local speakers are as yet not many in numbers, creoles are accordingly supposed to be first language learning with limited info.

Use Argumentative Essay Topics To Generate Ideas

Use Argumentative Essay Topics To Generate IdeasSchool argumentative essay topics are not only used to help students learn how to express their thoughts and feelings, but to get them to work together in a group. These topics often involve things that other people in the class might be passionate about.So students, especially those who are very analytical or who have very serious problems dealing with emotions, will appreciate having topics that will challenge their minds. Topics like sports, political beliefs, education, or even fun things they do in school can be really interesting to them.The biggest benefit is that these topics allow for more creative and interesting thinking when a student's writing is done. It doesn't take long to come up with ideas when they're presented in this way, and many students find that the ways they come up with their topics for essay writing is much more interesting than if they had just written down whatever came to mind on the spur of the moment.As it turns out, some students even like their school argumentative essay topics to be based on real events or other themes they are interested in. High school students are in the middle of forming their opinions on some things, such as religion, for example. A good topic for their essay might be something they have heard about from their parents, teachers, or other people they trust.Sometimes students have their argumentative essay topic based on what someone told them. If a friend tells them to change something about their house or how they could go about fixing it, for example, this is a good topic for their essay. A teacher may also tell students that they need to change their way of doing things, so they might choose to talk about their ideas about this in their essay.Some students may find that their subject matter is hard to come up with on their own. These students may find that reading books, taking college courses, or talking to people about their topics will give them ideas. There are even schools that offer courses in which students can learn how to write essays that will encourage other students to use their ideas, so they don't feel left out when their ideas are used in an essay.Finally, school argumentative essay topics can also be used as a way to broaden students' vocabulary. For example, if they take a course about modern art, a student might want to write about why they think this kind of art is different from what is normally done in school. They may not be sure what the difference is, but they know they want to know more.School argumentative essay topics are a great way to stimulate students' creative thinking and increase their vocabulary, too. They can choose to write about how something they've seen helps them make their point, but also about how it has given them ideas for other things that they think are important. They can also ask their parents or teachers about other things they've noticed in school that have led them to see something new.

Growth of Facebook and Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Growth of Facebook and Management. Answer: Different dangers to Facebook: Facebook has conveyed noteworthy return over the period Industry hazard Facebook achievement can be upset due to developing contending interpersonal organizations as far as quality of system of organization, client base and adaptation. Perhaps the greatest player in industry is MySpace. Expanding rivalry in industry has the chance of debilitating and dislodging the serious situation of Facebook. Market hazard The valuation of organization can't be advocated regardless of utilizing to their gigantic clients. The promoting model of organization is in spite of the fact that producing wonderful outcomes, the change of deals from portable advertisements is low contrasted with work area choices. There exist hazard whether association will have any impressive improvement over this issue. Cash hazard Business of Facebook is ever developing at global level and it is presented to danger of change in level of money of various working organizations. An all out income of $ 3.54 billion is recorded in year 2014 and it was said that income development would have been higher by 49% if there would not been any variance in cash level. Subsequently, it is induced that income created by association is essentially affected by change in remote cash level as the recorded income would have been higher because of general reinforcing dollars outside United Sates. Execution ascribed to the board of association: The heft of development of Facebook is baited to capacity of the board to keep connect an ever increasing number of guests to site. Facebook encounters extraordinary increment in income created and net gain year on year. Execution of organization is created from a few endeavors of the board, for example, making key acquisitions and recruiting specific representatives. So as to serve the current clients in a superior manner, association keeps on making interest in center administrations and items. One of the long piece of the board system of Facebook is acquisitions for including integral administrations, items and particular organizations. In year 2016, obtaining of faciometrics by Facebook improved video embellishments and photograph of Facebook. Innovative news ways are created by the executives for selling their administrations and items through applications. Promoting business has been spread by organizations through advancement of photograph sharing applications and well known i nforming (Berk et al. 2012). In this manner, it very well may be said that endeavors of the executives has added to improved development and extension of business. References: Berk, Jonathan; DeMarzo, Peter Harford, Jarrad. 2012.Fundamentals of corporate money. Harlow: Pearson. Ezez. 2017. Facebook sign in or sign up.Facebook.https://www.facebook.com.

The Distinction Between Wishing and Wanting The Island at Noon - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"The Island At Noon† by Julio Cortazar follows main character Marini, who works as a flight attendant flying over the Aegean sea and wishes to travel to an island he observes out the window. However, when he makes it to the island, while he finds it as beautiful as he thought it would be, the story ends with his ambiguously set death. This uncertainty and the reader not being allowed to experience it fully through Marini’s eyes leads them to question what happened. Did Marini die on the plane or the island? Did the plane crash? What happens to the mind after death? To elaborate on the previous question, what would happen if one dies while dreaming? To explore this idea, Cortazar wrote the story solely from Marini’s point of view, preventing the readers from gaining outside knowledge of the situation. He limits the written dialogue to the very beginning, before the idea of playing with reality is brought up at all, and ends with what he thinks would happen if one is unable to differentiate between truth and fiction. Cortazar wrote from Marini’s perspective to limit the reader’s ability to accurately differentiate between reality and fantasy and to show the danger of being stuck in a dream and forgetting to live. Cortazar only shows the reader Marini’s perspective to keep them in the dark to what exactly is going on. One of the last piece of dialogue is said by a stewardess to our main character: â€Å"It won’t last five years†¦ Hurry up if you’re thinking of going, the hordes will be there any moment now. Genghis Cook is watching† (91-92). This snippet of a conversation does not provide the reader with new information that would not have been provided later on and only speeds up the realization that Marini desires to go to the island. Dialogue is often crucial for providing insight on side characters or, more importantly for this story, main characters. Cortazar’s decision to exclude further conversations mentioned in the story confines the reader from then on to Marini’s point of view and his perception of the world, be it through a lens of fantasy or the cold truth of reality. Even the previous conversation remained mostly factual as Marini at tempts to figure out which island, in particular, he keeps noticing at noon: â€Å"All those islands look alike. Ive been doing this route for years, and I don’t care a fig about them. Yes, show it to me next time† (91). Once again, this information could have been derived from the fact that only Marini took predetermined time out of his work for sightseeing and that none of the others ever paused to pay attention to Horos or Xiros, or any of the other islands. Furthermore, on the island itself, there is only one word explicitly spoken, â€Å"Kalimera† (meaning good day), keeping the island and the people as unknown as possible. The reader does not know what Klaios thinks of Marini, what words Ionas is teaching Marini. Because of this lack of conversation, one only knows Marinis perspective and cant compare to other characters and therefore is not able to differentiate between reality and fantasy. On the last page, the reader receives the last piece of dialogue in the story; a woman saying â€Å"Close his eyes† after following Klaios and his sons to spot a dead body on the beach. In this moment, both the reality of death and the fantasy of the island have created a new reality of being dead on the island. Because Marini is dead, he has no more fantasies. He only has his reality, signified by the woman speaking. Marini’s limited point of view prevents readers from recognizing the shift from reality towards the imagination of the main character. That is, until details from reality jar them from the idyllic island scene. When Marini reached the island, â€Å"they [Klaios and his sons] left him alone to go load the small boat, and after tearing off his traveling clothes and putting on bathing trunks and sandals, he set out for a walk on the island† (95). Through the quote and Marini’s actions, the reader is led to believe that our main character has managed to get to the island. Additional information from Marini’s point of view, such as â€Å"the iodine of the wind† (95) and a â€Å"green spot†¦ where the smell of thyme and sage were one with the fire of the sun and the sea breeze† (97) only add on to the evidence that this is reality, that Marini was able to fulfill his dreams of being on the island at noon. However, as he laid on his back, †Å"and looked vertically at the sky, far away he could hear the hum of an engine† (97). From such a distance, even if Marini had been capable of hearing the rumble of a plane, the quiet hum of an engine would have been overpowered by the propellers it ran. This detail allows the reader to begin to finally realize that the entirety of what Marini thought happened on the island did not occur in real life. In fact, Marini has never set foot on the island. Cortazar explores the idea of what happens if one gets trapped in his/her dream, remaining in it for far longer than they should. Just as the bloody body seems to die and Klaios’ sons run out and gather around it in the sand, Marini seems to disappear from the story, as if he was never there: â€Å"As always, they were alone on the island, and the open-eyed corpse was all that was new between them and the sea† (98). Klaios and his sons being alone on the island, further proves that Marini had imagined his exploration of the island and learning new words with Ionas if the reader had not realized that already. The story leaving the corpse with its eyes still open points to the idea of realization, of finally understanding that Marini’s death transpired without him ever genuinely visiting the island. Because Marini finally understands what is reality and what is not, due to his still open eyes, so do we, as no further mention of Marini is made once Klaios, his sons and the other women rush to the plane wreck. In keeping the reader’s point of view limited to Marini’s experiences, Cortazar limited his/her ability to differentiate between truth and fantasy. This allows him to show that if one remains stuck in what they want to do rather in what they have, their life would become more and more difficult to bring back to its original quality. He keeps dialogue to a minimum, in order to prevent insight into Marini’s thoughts. However, he leaves clues for where fantasy ended and the real world began at the very end, so that it would be difficult to find the moment when Marini began to imagine things and when he didn’t. Lastly, Cortazar was able to use the development to explore what would happen if the reality of death clashed with the falseness of a dream. Moreover, what happens when anything with an inaccurate facade meets the brutal truth? It collapses; as Cortazar explains, wishes do not make reality.

Syncretism And Anti Syncretism The Politics Of Religious...

SA2602 Book review Syncretism/anti-syncretism: the politics of religious synthesis Charles Stewart, Rosalind Shaw,1994 Syncretism, a controversial topic in anthropology yet occur to me a rather new and unfamiliar subject. Reading Stewart and Shaw’s work would be my first encounter to the idea and discussion of syncretism, and aided as an introduction to syncretism. Thus the aim of this book review is to show my understanding, merely as a novice reader trying to get a glimpse of the seemingly obscure term and discourse about syncretism, and evaluation on this literature. Syncretism/anti-syncretism: the politics of religious synthesis aim to redefine syncretism, re-examine the idea of syncretism and discuss syncretism as subject of debate between religion and ritual. Composed of 10 chapters by several contributors, this book covers the subject in aspects of syncretism in colonial subject as dominance and subversion(Kempf), syncretism as tolerance and as hierarchical encompassment (van der Veer); unintentional making of syncretism via translation(Meyer) and misinterpretation lead to form of anti-syncretism(Yalcin-Hackmann). I will focus on Charles Stewart’s Syncretism as a dimension of nationalist discourse in modern Greece and Lale Yalcin-Hackmann’s Are fireworks is Islamic? Towards an understanding of Turkish migrants and Islam in Germany. Yalcin-Hackmann argues that any investigation of syncretic tendencies in migrant culture and religion has to handle the problem ofShow MoreRelatedSouth American Colonialsim Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pagesbeliefs now coexist between both groups. What distinctly happened within the culture of the South American indigenous population was syncretism, or the synthesis of both old and borrowed traditions, a common occurrence of colonization in which one civilization dominates the other and forces elements of conversion(Kessing, 394). In addition to this process of syncretism, both of these cultures became stronger, more diversified and open to new ideas. Due to similar preexisting beliefs, the Natives

Comparision of Alexander the Great and Augustus Ceasar

Alexander the Great and Augustus are two different individuals from two different time periods and they are both famous for their accomplishments. Alexander is one of the greatest military geniuses who by the age of 33 had conquered most of Asia. Alexander thought of himself as the son of Greek god Zeus. Augustus was the first emperor of Rome who brought peace and stability to the Roman Empire. He was the grandson of the sister of Julius Caesar. His original name was Caius Octavius, but when he was adopted by the Julian gens (44 B.C.) he became Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian). He was named (given the title) Augustus later when he became the First Emperor or Rome by the senate. Augustus was seen as both a military leader as well as a religious leader. In my opinion they were both very important in their time because Alexander for being able to conquer lands all the way to Asia and Augustus for being the first emperor and having a nearly fifty years of peace (Pax Romana). But if I had to choose who was more important I would choose Augustus Caesar. Alexander the Great was the King of Macedonia. He is considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He inspired later conquerors such as Hannibal the Carthaginian, the Romans Pompey, Caesar, and Napoleon. Alexander was born in 356 B.C. in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was the son of Phillip II, King of Macedonia, and Olympia’s, the princess of neighboring Epirus. Olympias told Alexander that

Nuclear Energy (1712 words) Essay Example For Students

Nuclear Energy (1712 words) Essay Nuclear EnergyRadioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind be stored or disposed insuch a manner that isolation from the biosphere is assured until they havedecayed to innocuous levels. If this is not done, the world could face severephysical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms candisintegrate spontaneously. As they do, they emit ionizing radiation. Atomshaving this property are called radioactive. By far the greatest number of usesfor radioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but to the decay ofradioactive materials radioisotopes. These are unstable atoms that emit energyfor a period of time that varies with the isotope. During this active period,while the atoms are decaying to a stable state their energies can be usedaccording to the kind of energy they emit. Since the mid 1900s radioactivewastes have been stored in different manners, but since several years new waysof disposing and storing these wastes have been developed so they may no longerbe harmful. A very advantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by aprocess called vitrification. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process thatenables the following operations to be carried out with the same equipment:evaporation of the waste solution mixed with the borosilicate: any of severalsalts derived from both boric acid and silicic acid and found in certainminerals such as tourmaline. additives necesary for the production ofborosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operationsare carried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an induction furnace. Thevitrification of one load of wastes comprises of the following stages. The firststep is Feeding. In this step the vitrification receives a constant flow ofmixture of wastes and of additives until it is 80% full of calcine. The feedingrate and heating power are adjusted so that an aqueous phase of several litresis permanently maintained at the surface of the pot. The second step is the Calc inationand glass evaporation. In this step when the pot is practically full of calcine,the temperature is progressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and then ismaintained for several hours so to allow the glass to elaborate. The third stepis Glass casting. The glass is cast in a special container. The heating of theoutput of the vitrification pot causes the glass plug to melt, thus allowing theglass to flow into containers which are then transferred into the storage. Although part of the waste is transformed into a solid product there is stilltreatment of gaseous and liquid wastes. The gases that escape from the potduring feeding and calcination are collected and sent to ruthenium filters,condensers and scrubbing columns. The ruthenium filters consist of a bed ofcondensacate: product of condensation. glass pellets coated with ferrous oxideand maintained at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of liquid wastes, thecondensates collected contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then concentrated inan evaporator where nitric acid is destroyed by formaldehyde so as to maintainlow acidity. The concentration is then neutralized and enters the vitrificationpot. Once the vitrification process is finished, the containers are stored in astorage pit. This pit has been designed so that the number of containers thatmay be stored is equivalent to nine years of production. Powerful ventilatorsprovide air circulation to cool down glass. The glass produced has the advantageof being stored as solid rather than liquid. The advantages of the solids arethat they have almost complete insolubility, chemical inertias, absence ofvolatile products and good radiation resistance. The ruthenium that escapes isabsorbed by a filter. The amount of ruthenium likely to be released into theenvironment is minimal. Another method that is being used today to get rid ofradioactive waste is the placement and self processing radioactive wastes indeep underground cavities. This is the disposing of toxic wastes byincorporating them into molten silicate rock, with low permeability. By thismethod, liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground cavity with mineraltreatment and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at groundlevel and recycled in a closed system. When waste addition is terminated, thechimney is allowed to boil dry. The heat generated by the radioactive wastesthen melts the surrounding rock, thus dissolving the wastes. When waste andwa ter addition stop, the cavity temperature would rise to the melting point ofthe rock. As the molten rock mass increases in size, so does the surface area. King Henry Viii EssayThis is implied for the low activity wastes disposed into the environment. Thealternative may be to evaporate off the bulk of the waste to obtain a smallconcentrated volume. The aim is to develop more efficient types of evaporators. At the same time the decontamination factors obtained in evaporation must behigh to ensure that the activity of the condensate is negligible, though thereremains the problem of accidental dispersion. Much effort is current in manycountries on the establishment of the ultimate disposal methods. These aredefined to those who fix the fission product activity in a non-leakable solidstate, so that the general dispersion can never occur. The most promisingoutlines in the near future are; the absorbtion of montmorillonite clay whichis comprised of natural clays that have a good capacity for chemical exchange ofcations and can store radioactive wastes, fused salt calcination which willneutralize the wastes and high temperature processing. Even though man hasmade many breakthroughs in the processing, storage and disintegration ofradioactive wastes, there is still much work ahead to render the wastesabsolutely harmless.

Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry The focal point of this paper is to prepare a report on the successful survival of Ryanair in the airline industry or the strategies implemented by the company that enabled them to compete with top airlines like British airways and Aer Lingus. It can be stated in the very initial stage that the strategy taken by the Ryan brothers surely made money at the 98 fare that they propose and for valid reasons. It can be stated that the airline launched by the Ryan Brothers by the name Ryanair is basically a low cost economic airline and this helped the company to make a decisive entry in the airline market with relative ease fighting the greater potential and market penetration of bigger players like British airways and Aer Lingus.(King, 2003, 31) Need essay sample on "Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Ryan brothers publicized in the month pf April 1986 that they were about to launch an air service between London and Dublin. This was the first time that their airline was about to face competition and steep rivalry from two fellow airlines that were operating on the same route. These airlines were British Airways and Aer Lingus. This was because this route was a very busy route and thus this Irish airline by the Ryan brothers was subjected to face difficult oppositions. The best possible strategy for countering this competition was based on a movement the supported a low cost economic fare structure. The 98 fare structure was to make money because the initial infrastructure of this airline lacked huge overhead costs generally incurred by an established airline company like British Airways and Aer Lingus. (Kar, 2006, 188) Undergraduates Very Often Tell Us:I'm not in the mood to write my essay now. I don't have the timeEssay writer professionals recommend:Get Your Essay Before The DeadlineBuy An Essay Online Buy Essays Cheap Online Service Collage Papers For Sale Legitimate Essay Writing Services This was more relevant because the move of economic fare structure was based on the strategy that it was indented to make an entry into an already populated route of air service between London and Dublin with established competitors like British Airways and Aer Lingus. This was the best possible method of penetrating the market by luring the customers with extremely low fare. It is obvious that the 98 fare structure would yield profit because it would have two specific advantages along with being about 50% to 90% lower rate than its competitors.(Fletcher, 2003, 56-57) First, with the lower fare system the company was able to attract better amount of customers and thus was able to penetrate the market which is expectedly advantageous for the long run and secondly, with lower cost infrastructure like lower number of employees the company was able to sustain its position and plough back profit margin in a gradual manner. (Rivkin, 1986, 7) The cost advantage of this company can be enumer ated as follows: (Bhagavan, 2003, 18) On the other hand it was surely proved to be costly for Aer Lingus and British Airways to retaliate against Ryanair's entry into the market rather than accommodate it. The Ryanair was to make an entry with a recognizable stamp with their extremely low fare in the market of populated route of air service between London and Dublin surely it would be a challenge for company like British Airways and Aer Lingus to confront it. These present carriers were to respond in a positive approach to counter the advent of this new market entry. It is easily anticipated that the existing company were in a position to allow any substantial price cut to compete with this new entrant in the field of fare structure because Ryanair was already offering a rock bottom fare and price would not be made possible to drop further for British Airways and Aer Lingus. However, the existing companies British Airways and Aer Lingus were to cut prices at least for an eye wash to make a substantial impact on the custo mers impression. Never the less, even this eyewash was to prove costly because for long serving companies like British Airways it is obvious that the cost analysis and the fiscal balance would be demanding for the two companies. With a huge infrastructure and great number of employees it was certainly be difficult for these two companies to cope with the initial coup. (Lamb, 2004, 225-226) The overall assessment of Ryanair's launch strategy is clear and absolutely effective. Ryanairs basic intention was to penetrate an already populated air market. This was risky but profitable if successful. Secondly, Ryanair was trying to access into the existing customer strata of Aer Lingus and British Airways. Thirdly, Ryanair was trying to create a new breed of passengers with its economy price structure. The fourth point enumerates that the new airline company Ryanair was confident enough about sustaining with this price structure. The fifth point could be enumerated as an aggressive market planning as Ryanair was trying to drive away the existing airline companies from having the prime market share of the industry that were already successful in the said field. Next it could be mentioned that Ryanair was looking for a long term market goal and thereby is ready to sacrifice short term profit. It is also true that the company Ryanair was looking for the business traveller section of the market segment which is logical for this specific route. Lastly it could be stated that Ryanair was scheduling itself as a point to point service provider which is logical for a low priced agency. (Lamb, 2004, 231-32) At this point it would be relevant to mention the response of Aer Lingus and British Airways to counter the advent of Ryanair. Firstly, Aer Lingus and British Airways looked for a price cut to negate the advantage of Ryaair, next, these two companies advertised heavily and banked more on reliability, comfort and class along with incorporating extra services like better food or beverage for example. British Airways installed better security services and a virtually risk free flight for the passengers. British Airways also incorporated better mode of frequency of flight. Alongside these measures British Airways also provided loyalty rewards for the customers. (Dollard, 1999, 79-81) But it was seen that in spite of huge amount of changes in part of infrastructure from the point of view of these two established airline, especially British Airways, Ryanair was proved to be undaunted by these facts and they became one of the most successful airline services of all time depending on their strategy of economic travel principals. The case study of Ryanair has become an icon for students and teachers alike and continues to be a successful model in the parameters of industrial and management success formulations. This specific case study remains to this day as a ground breaking approach in the world of business studies where a high valued industry like airline business is penetrated mainly on the aspects of low priced and economic fare structures. (Dos, 2006, 178) Reference: Rivkin, Jan W; Dogfight over Europe: Ryanair (A); HBSP; Harvard Business School Publishing; Ref: 9-700-115; 1986 Bhagavan, Mukund. Ertekin, Oguz. Geijerman, Peter Budget Airlines Ryanair; High Technology Entrepreneurship 2003; retrieved on 25.03.07 Dos, M; Future of Management Thought Process; Alliance Publications. 2006 Dollard, John; Business Aggression; New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1999 Fletcher, R; Beliefs and Knowledge: Believing and Knowing; Howard & Price. 2003 Kar, P; History of Pacific and Atlantic Airline; Dasgupta 2006 King, H; Management Today; HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2003 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004

The Doctrine of Containment

The Doctrine of Containment Free Online Research Papers The Doctrine of Containment is a policy that incorporates both military and economic action to prevent the spread of communism. In the case of the United States, the policy of containment was used to eliminate the diplomatic and political policies that were in favor of the communist practices. The Doctrine of Containment was adopted by the United States in order to keep those forms of government from spreading to non-communist countries. The article, â€Å"The Sources of Soviet Conduct†, by George Kennan suggests that the Soviet Union be â€Å"contained† and its system would ultimately collapse by the nature of its own inefficiencies. This containment would allow for the United States and its allies to not have the need to go on the offensive or to plan for an inevitable war. The rise of containment came about from fear of the â€Å"domino theory† which states that if one region fell into communist practices, that all surrounding regions would adopt the same policies. According to the United States, containment was the answer in how to prevent the spread of communism. Containment allowed the United States to make a political statement towards an opposing nati on with the threat of surrounding military action and economic support toward the threatened regions. Ultimately, the doctrine of containment was effective in aiding the United States foreign policy against the spread of the communist practices. The reason for the United States invading Vietnam was the fear of communism that seemed to be spreading throughout the world. Vietnam, because of the Geneva Convention was divided into two regions; the North and the South, in which the North was under communist rule. Many believe that the United States Foreign Policy was correct in showing its global importance but many others believe that it was one of the greatest and biggest mistakes in history. The U.S. feared that if South Vietnam fell under communist rule that it would lead to an outburst of communism throughout the rest of the world. The strengths of the containment doctrine during the Vietnam War was actually having our U.S. troops go into the unknown grounds of Vietnam and contribute to stopping the spread of communism throughout surrounding countries. Although our military was terribly defeated in Vietnam and some thought that we had no justification of war in that country, we entered Vietnam as part of the Containment Doct rine. The Containment Doctrine was to stop this expansion of Soviet Power by combating Soviet methods by our own intelligence operations, providing aid to existing governments, and directly involving our troops in a war on unfamiliar grounds. Our main weakness in Vietnam was that it was a major defeat against the United States, leading many other nations in the world to conclude that the United States was an unreliable ally and this damaged U.S. interest’s world-wide and gained popular movement to communism, in which we feared. The division point, isolationism was the dominant ideology that guided American foreign policy. Isolationism is a national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries. It was favored by most Americans for their non-involvement with other countries and others foreign affairs. This, in particular was used toward the president from Americans that had concern with being involved with foreign countries and to refrain from intervention in old world affairs. The United States was practicing isolationism until the fall of France in 1940 and the attack on Pearl Harbor that following year. As a result of the fear that arose from what had happened, The America First Committee was formed, which led to interventionism. The Cold War affected American Foreign Policy in one division point such as interventionism (globalism). Interventionism referred to whether or not the United States should have a place or a standing in other countries affairs. The United States had an idea that we should not get involved with other countries and we should keep to ourselves and stay out of situations that have nothing to do with us. The United States also stood strong in believing that the only type of communication with other countries be specifically for trade purposes only but have entangling alliances with none. This goes back to not getting involved if it has nothing to do with us. Interventionism is a policy or practice of intervening in the affairs of another sovereign state. The United States saw the importance of working to become friends and allies with other countries in making it easier for others to work with us rather than against us. The realist views overpowered throughout most of the Cold War. They believed that their allies were anti-communists countries and other countries that were communist were considered to be enemies. The realism aspect of it all is that by maximizing our own power we will be the focus and ignore others internal affairs. Realism is the idea that international relations is the primacy of power and for us to survive and maintain our political independence we must maintain our territorial integrity. This aspect is also important when speaking in terms of idealism, in order to maintain support from other countries and this too is an advantage. Idealists argued that the United States primary emphasis be focused on American values and that their allies should enforce similar democratic practices and this would promote anti-comm unists goals more effectively. Idealism is no better than realism and realism is no better than idealism, in the end it all depends on the situation and American values. One major impact that the Cold War had upon American politics was the way that it affected our government in a negative way. Throughout the Cold War the United States and the American people fought efforts to end the talk of global nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1984 and 1985, the Americans insisted that President Reagan back away from the Soviet Union and make a commitment to negotiate and put an end to this dangerous global war that had now existed for half of a century. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became President of the Soviet Union and realized that his country could no longer afford to compete with the United States. In 1986, Gorbachev arranged a meeting with President Reagan in Iceland and they discussed a proposal. The proposal was: The Soviet Union would destroy all of its nuclear weapons if the United States would agree to do the same and also agree to not go ahead with its Star Wars program. The Star Wars program was designed to protect the United States from future attacks by nuclear missiles. President Reagan left Iceland and returned to the United States after rejecting to the proposed agreement. Reagan realized that the United States could not afford to give up its nuclear arsenal and had to protect its global interest. In 1986, when Americans discovered that it was indeed the Soviet Union that was more committed to the disarmament of nuclear weapons than the United States, more problems arose for Reagan. He referred to the Soviet Union as â€Å"the evil empire†, and they were actually the ones that took the initiative to reduce the threat of nuclear war. As a result of Reagan’s failure to inform the American people that the Soviet’s did indeed make a proposal and effort to have peace with the United States and put an end to the Cold War, many Americans lost faith in their government. In the end, the United States government was mirroring the Soviet Union by acting as a communist country in more ways than one. It is no surprise to me that more people vote for their leaders throughout Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union than they do in the United States. Voting is a crucial aspect in a democratic society and has a major impact on the American political system today. Research Papers on The Doctrine of ContainmentAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Answer final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Answer final assignment - Essay Example This leads to the ethical dilemma of deception, in which the participants are either not told about the study or are under a false impression. A serious problem can occur, if for example, things were to get serious between the confederate and the unsuspecting participant, and they were later to find out that it was all part of a social experiment. To study the actual effects of taking wine, certain variables, especially participant variables, need to be taken into consideration. The consumption of wine alone cannot be a factor for good health in this study. For accurate results, variables such as the age, gender, nationality, economic status, eating habits and lifestyle, exercise, past medical history, occupation, sexual history, and even the personality type need to be evaluated, as each of these participant variables can have significant effect on the health of the individual and, hence, on the result of the study. Only if all of these variables are more or less constant for the entire study group can the effect of the consumption of wine can be studied accurately. iii) Non-experimental method would be used as we are simply interested in finding out the relationship between the two variables and the way they effect each other, and are not interested in changing any variable. v) The operational definition for the size would be the number of people, and for the length it would be time. Therefore, size would be measured as the number of people in the meeting, and length as the number of minutes for which the meeting took place iii) Experimental method would be used as we are interested in manipulating one

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis Essay - 1

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis - Essay Example In particular, Porter has contributed mainly the following: five forces model (1980); generic competitive strategies of cost leadership, product differentiation, and focus (1980; 1985); competitive advantage (1985; 1987); four corners model (1980); value chain (1985); diamond model (1990), and market positioning strategies. Since Porter’s contributions have created a pervasive influence on business theory and practice, a lot of strategists from different fields have considered examining, recommending or applying his ideas. Nonetheless, given that his contributions have received widespread attention, it is the case that his ideas have been subject to criticisms. As a matter of fact, despite the fact that it made his 1980 book entitled â€Å"Competitive Strategy† the ninth most influential management book of the 20th history (Bedeian & Wren, 2001: 223), Porter’s five forces model received criticisms. In this regard, this paper delves mainly at critically analyzing and evaluating Michael Porter’s contribution to the field of strategic management. In order to give more focus and attention to the works of Porter to the strategic management area, this paper is limited to evaluating only three contributions. Basically, it aims at answering three points. First, it plans to look at Porter’s concept of competitive advantage. After analyzing the concept, second, this paper examines one of the specific types of strategies, his five forces model. The consideration of choosing this particular contribution is because of the fact that despite this model made his book the ninth most influential management book of 20th history, still, it received criticisms. Third, it also intends to assess his generic competitive strategies of cost leadership, product differentiation and focus. This work is selected because he considers such strategies to be generic. Meanwhile, the exigency to critically assess Porter’s contribution is because there is a need to understand why he has happened to be one of the most influential characters in the field of strategic management. This paper is of significance because it offers a deeper understanding of key concepts, ideas and debates in the said field. Likewise, the importance of this paper is that it can offer a critique of Porter’s work. To pursue the objective of this paper, this paper is structured in giving initially an overview of each contribution of Porter which is then followed by a particular critique of his work: competitive advantage, five forces model, and generic competitive strategies of cost leadership, product differentiation and focus. Lastly, it discusses the outcomes of this critical assessment. A Critical Assessment of Michael Porter’s Contribution to the Field of Strategic Management Overview of Competitive Advantage As a concept, competitive advantage is meant by Porter (1980) as a competence achieved via attributes as well as resources in order for higher level performance relative to

Government economic policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Government economic policy - Essay Example This paper describes main economic objectives set by different governments all over the world and the its economic policies carried out by them to guide the economy towards achieving these objectives. The policies of governments can be referred to as macroeconomic policy while the policies of smaller entities like business organizations are called micro economic policies. Both these sets of economic policies have a dynamic relationship with each other and affect each other significantly. Both these sets of economic policies have a dynamic relationship with each other and affect each other significantly. There are four economic objectives that are espoused as standard. These are: full employment or stated low unemployment; stability of prices; rate of economic growth, determined by the government; and the maintaining of the Balance of Payments in equilibrium. In its simplest form full employment measures those who are employed out of those who are employable.The attraction in full employment as an economic objective is the potential it provides to maximize production while leading to enhance standards of living. The reverse side of the coin is that it reduces economic and thereby social dysfunctions. Managing inflation to an acceptable level is the objective of price stability. In recent times there are other objectives that have been added on to the macro economy and they have to do with the management of the social and natural spheres through macroeconomic policy. One such an objective is ensuring a more equal distribution of wealth in society and the second is the managing of the environment to ensure that economic activity does not adversely affect the environment ... It also makes sound decision making and allocation of resources more tedious. Inflation is measured as the annual rate of change of the Retail Price Index (RPI). When inflation is kept low prices remain stable, which augurs well for all governments. The next objective refers to economic growth. It is deemed as attractive when the rate is both high and can be sustained. The measure used is the rate of change of countries Gross Domestic Product. The effect of inflation has to be negated for it to be an acceptable measure therefore what’s measured is real GDP, which is GDP with the effect of inflation negated. The final of the four traditional objectives is the maintenance of the balance of payments equilibrium. This could also be called maintenance of external stability, which in turn ensures confidence in the international markets of a countries economy. Managing the foreign debt of a country does this. In recent times there are other objectives that have been added on to the m acro economy and they have to do with the management of the social and natural spheres through macro economic policy. One such objective is ensuring a more equal distribution of wealth in society and the second is the managing of the environment to endure that economic activity does not adversely affect the environment like the depletion of resources to levels where it cannot be replenished or pollution. Economic policy actions can vary from manipulation of interest rates by a central finance authority such as the Federal Reserve, regulating the expenditure of governments, taxes as well as interventions such as property rights of private individuals. An example of such

Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements :: Advertising Business Marketing GCSE Coursework

Analyzing the Priceless MasterCard Advertisements They tell how much it will cost you to buy one thing and then another, overwhelming you with the cost of life. They then reveal to you the priceless moment that comes from all of this cost. Can you guess which advertisements I am talking about? That’s right, MasterCard commercials; The commercials titled: â€Å"Spending Quality Time with Your Family†, â€Å"Leaving Your Cash At Home†, â€Å"One Stadium Down, 29 To Go† from MasterCard’s â€Å"priceless† ad campaign, just reel you in with that priceless moment. Well you would never guess just how many tactics they use in one commercial just to suck you in. They use many little clever details in order to appeal to people and convince them that they want to use their company and not someone else’s. These MasterCard advertisements are targeted towards an American audience whether the audience be families or the youth of America. American values and interests, along with a va riety of visuals, text, and subject matters are incorporated in order to do this. The ads also appeal to these audiences through emotion and logic. By using all of these different tools, MasterCard is able to create a commercial to convince a mass of people to use their company without thinking any further than the commercial that just flashed before their eyes. The ads are centered on today’s American society. These specific MasterCard ads target Americans through values and interests that make up their culture. One example being the use of The Simpsons show for one of these ads. Most Americans are very familiar with the Simpson family and therefore can relate to the advertisement. Also, the idea of having extra time to spend with your family is incorporated into the advertisement. This is very effective in capturing the audience because family is widely valued within American society. Another effective reference that is used is towards baseball. Baseball is huge in the United States and everyone either watches it or knows someone who does. By using these references MasterCard is able to create commercials that the creators’ audience can relate to. The authors of these commercials are a group of people hired by MasterCard to think the catchiest and most creative commercial. Their purpose is to create advertisements that are targeted towards and specific audience and then to capture that audience.

Development in Malaysia Essay

As Malaysia had experienced an extraordinary economic growth in the last 3 decades is has brought high standards of living for the majority of the people. The people in Kuala Lumpur and major tourist destinations can now enjoy a quality of living which is very similar to developed countries. While Malaysia has done extremely well in some areas there are still challenges that the Government is lacking in delivering healthcare and education to all. In Sarawak and Sabah for example, ethnic minorities are situated in distant areas of Borneo’s rainforest where mountains and rivers are dividing villages from schools and modern services. It is tough for the families who live in these villages as not everyone is able to access the benefits of modernisation. The wealthiest 20% of Malaysians control 53. 8% of the wealth whereas the poorest 20% of the population controls only 4. 5 percent of wealth. Once the country started to modernise, Malaysians living in urban areas has increased from 27% in1970 to 62% in 2000. Forms of poverty started to appear; both urban and rural. After the time of the independence, Malays had migrated to the cities. Arguably, the monthly income is not enough to be able to support a family of four to meet their needs. Roughly quarter of the population could not afford to live in descent accommodations and had to live in squatter settlements as it is more affordable. A poverty reduction programme was introduced, where the poverty line had decreased from 7. 7 % in 1999 to 5. 1% in 2002. This shows a positive reduction. Elderly and disabled people got the opportunity to receive welfare support from the government. In Malaysia, the poverty rate shrank from slightly over half of the population in 1973 to 7. 8 percent in 1995. This means that if poverty reduction continues at the same rate, by 2003, there would be no one left below the poverty line of $2 international dollars a day. This is mainly because the government is trying to increase expenditure on major anti-poverty programs to protect real spending per individual, specially targeting the expenditure for small-scale loans and income generated activities for the poorest in rural areas as well as improvements in welfare programs. Apart of that, the government also spent safety nets for the newly poor through urban micro-credit programs and provision of special skills training for unskilled workers. This progress in poverty reduction measured in income terms is mirrored by improvements in social indicators. Malaysia’s achievements in increasing life expectancy (2003: 70. 6 years for male and 75. 5 years for female) are particularly impressive. Conclusion / Recommendations Monitoring of the gender and development – Since 1988 Malaysia has been experiencing an economic boom. The high growth of the economy was achieved with almost full employment. This strong performance in growth has resulted in basic structural changes in the economy. Ever since the experience of the economic boom, there have been changes in the roles of employment. From the above data, it is evident that there are significant increases in the participation of women in the manufacturing sector and the work force as a whole. Analysis of the of the many positive changes in the improvement of women’s health has lead to a greater amount of children with more access to education across all levels. Now that shortage of labour has increased. It gives a stronger possibility for women who are unpaid to move to paid labour. With the greater amount of job opportunities and demands for both skilled men and women in the manufacturing sector. Moreover with a wider range of availability this strengthens the workforce which helps build a stronger economy providing more employment and attracting foreign investments. As works with the Government and United Nations have been put into place for introducing new projects and programmes that look at decreasing gender inequality. This positive strategy will raise awareness of the situation and allow advancement of women to take place in the future and result in better educated women reflecting into a more economically productive community. One of the most essential factors for the empowerment of women has been education. As today, there are more females than males in the institutions of higher learning education. However, further studies should be put in place to identify problems and solution, for maintaining this industrial growth. They should implement the role of sharing experiences, with one another through bottom-up development and having expertise to keep strengthening the environment and success of the many efforts that have contributed into helping Malaysia The Government should be concerned with financial support. The greater focus on financial support would allow them to invest in equipment, technology and/or research and development. I suppose it is also important to have enough resources provided for the equality of gender and eventually, continuing to regularly update the progress of the gender financing situation which could have a positive effect for Malaysia in the long run. If the government continues to enhance efforts, to further improve the status of women, then this might enable them to reach their full potential as they are likely to have more belief in themselves resulting in more opportunities of them being included in the process of policies and/or programmes. Bibliography http://www. state. gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100527. htm http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. htmlhttp://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_6017. html http://www. unicef. org/malaysia/support_mdgs_malaysia. html http://genderindex. org/country/malaysia http://www. unescap. org/huset/women/reports/malaysia. pdf http://thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2008/8/2/business/21954384&sec=business – http://www. kuala-lumpur. ws/culture-traditions/ http://www. wao. org. my/news/20010301statusreport. htm#Government.

An Essay on Teen Suicide - 798 Words

Teen suicide My essay is on teen suicide there are a lot of suicides that happen in the U.S they are caused from being bullied also it can caused by being depressed. There is also a high increase of suicides for people who take antidepressants. All this information is true based on the sites below. 1) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/September-October-08/Teen-Suicide-Rate-Worries-Mental-Health-Experts.html 2) http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/20/nation/la-na-nn-funeral-illinois-teen-suicide-bullying-20131020 3) http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/20/nation/la-na-nn-funeral-illinois-teen-suicide-bullying-20131020 4) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/teen-suicide/MY02347 these are the sources I got my source cards and note†¦show more content†¦90% of the children who has committed suicide were not taking antidepressants. The FDA Black Box labeling created a barrier for youth and parents by scaring them away from care and contributing to decline of there treatment. The rate of teen suicide was 4.5 per 100,000. The use of antidepressants also decline after the food and administration required labels warning on everything that the children took that mite also give them suicidal thoughts. A wide range of unattended health consequences resulting from antidepressants. Those are the reasons why suicide has worried the mental health experts. Audrie Pott committed suicide because she was sexually assaulted and was cyber bullied. Audrie went to Saratoga high school. Audrie was at a party when she got drunk and passed out and boys she’s known for years sexually assaulted Audrie while she was passed out drunk. The boys who assaulted Audrie took photos of the attack on there phones. Audrie found out what happen when a friend told her Audrie confronted the boys who attacked her and she said â€Å" I swear to god if you still have those pictures I will kill you†. One of the boys who assaulted her said that he would make sure that the pictures would not get sent around school. Audrie told the boy that it will get sent out because stuff always gets sent out. The images did get sent around school. She had to endure torments from class mates on Facebook. Before Audrie took her life she wrote a friend aShow MoreRelatedTeen Suicide Essay605 Words   |  3 PagesDaneshia Alberty Campbell EnglishIII-7 11 February, 2011 Teen Suicide Essay Teen suicide is one of the fastest killers for young teenagers. Every year thousands of teens die in the United States. There are many different reasons of why young teens commit suicide. Family issues, low self-esteem, and bullying are three of the many leading factors towards suicide for teens. Problems at home can cause a teenager to take their lives. 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FACT: Suicide is a prevalent cause of death among America’s youth today.Each and every day almost 1000 teenagers think about suicide and about 0.018% of them will be successful in committing it.† It is an ongoing problem that is often described as uncalled for immature and unnecessary. But having a deeper understanding and better knowledge are some key factors for preventing teenage suicide. This â€Å"problem† most likely start